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Warm season grasses Kangaroo grass Redgrass Tall Windmill grass Queensland Bluegrass Mitchell grass Windmill grass These grasses have their main growing season in summer: Kangaroo grass, Redgrass, Mitchell grass, Tall Windmill grass or Tall Chloris, Windmill grass or Umbrella grass, Curly Windmill grass or Spider grass and Queensland Bluegrass or Silky Bluegrass. These warm season grasses have a preference for higher temperatures for growth. The usual temperature range for ideal growth of warm season grasses is from 25°C to 35°C. Growth diminishes outside of this range and for many of these grasses growth will stop altogether below 10°C. The reason for this is that these grasses have four carbon atoms per molecule that bring carbon dioxide into the plant. Hence their alternative name of C4 plants. Owing to this biochemical path, these grasses have quite different characters to the cool season C3 grasses. Warm season grasses do not grow well under low temperatures and will often enter a strong winter dormancy stage. It usually takes a combination of both warm temperatures and plentiful light to bring a warm season grass fully out of dormancy and into its growth state. C4 grasses are the dominant types of the tropical and subtropical zones and are also widespread through the temperate zone. They tend to have better water efficiency than the C3 grasses and higher drought and heat tolerance. Seed germination of warm season grasses is best during times of high temperatures and with adequate moisture. Interestingly these grasses are usually easiest to germinate in a wet-dry cycle rather than a constant moisture regime that suits the cool season types. The best times in southern Australia to sow these warm season grasses are in late spring through to the end of summer. Sowing in autumn can be successful although seedling losses may occur in the event of a rapid cooling of the weather.

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